What is hand slap test?

Technique: Rapid Forearm rotation. Patient rests the dorsum of one hand against their thigh or other hand. Patient flips their hand over, palm side up. Patient repeats hand flipping as quickly as they can (generating a slap sound with each flip)

What is a positive slap test?

The mechanism of this test is similar to that of a McMurray's test of the knee menisci, where the examiner is attempting to trap the torn labrum between the glenoid and the humeral head. A positive test is produced by the presence of a clunk or grinding sound and is indicative of a labral tear.

What does dysdiadochokinesia test for?

Dysdiadochokinesia is an important definition to understand cerebellar dysfunction in the context of clinical disease. It should be routinely assessed in patients who elicit deficits in the coordination of speech and movement, as it is a common finding.

What does dysdiadochokinesia indicate?

Dysdiadochokinesia (DDK) refers to the inability to perform coordinated, rapid muscle movements. DDK is often a symptom related to an underlying problem impacting the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain that controls balance, coordination, and complex tasks.

How do you test for a SLAP tear?

In addition, several special tests can be used to help identify the presence of a SLAP lesion including the Clunk test, the crank test, O' Briens, Anterior Slide test, Biceps Load I and II test, and the Active Compression test.

SLAP Lesion Cluster

Is a SLAP tear a full tear?

SLAP lesions are considered as separate entities from other labral tears because the superior labrum is the attachment site of the long head biceps tendon. Injuries to the labrum in this region can result in labral symptoms, biceps symptoms or both. (Find an HSS doctor who diagnoses and treats SLAP tears.)

Is SLAP tear same as rotator cuff tear?

Rotator cuff tendinopathy or partial tear – Patients may have rotator cuff pathology and SLAP tears simultaneously. However, patients with rotator cuff pathology typically have signs of anterior shoulder impingement and night pain, which are generally absent in patients with isolated SLAP tears.

What is the commonest cause of dysdiadochokinesia?

A: Dysdiadochokinesia is usually caused by multiple sclerosis or cerebellar abnormalities. Patients with Parkinson's disease may have abnormal rapid alternating movement testing secondary to akinesia or rigidity, which creates a false impression of dysdiadochokinesia.

What lesion causes dysdiadochokinesia?

Causes. Dysdiadochokinesia is a feature of cerebellar ataxia and may be the result of lesions to either the cerebellar hemispheres or the frontal lobe (of the cerebrum), it can also be a combination of both.

Does a positive Romberg test indicate cerebellar dysfunction?

A positive Romberg test suggests that the ataxia is sensory in nature, that is, depending on loss of proprioception. If a patient is ataxic and Romberg's test is not positive, it suggests that ataxia is cerebellar in nature, that is, depending on localized cerebellar dysfunction instead.

What does rapid alternating movements test for?

Rapid alternating movements (RAM) of the hands test several aspects of coordination. When a patient has cerebellar disease, one movement cannot be quickly followed by its opposite and movements are slow, irregular, and clumsy. This condition is called dysdiadochokinesis.

What is the neurological test for cerebellar dysfunction?

Patients with cerebellar lesions are unable to execute rapid alternating movements properly. The examiner asks the patient to place the palm on the knee and then perform rapid alternate pronation and supination of the forearm. Affected individuals will have difficulty in executing such alternating movements.

What are the cerebellar signs?

What does SLAP mean in orthopedics?

A SLAP tear (SLAP stands for superior labrum anterior to posterior) is an injury to the labrum, the fibrocartilage lining the shoulder socket that the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into.

Can a SLAP tear be misdiagnosed?

Labrum tears often are misdiagnosed and very often surgery is scheduled for the wrong joint condition when relying on common MRI scans.

Do you need surgery for SLAP tear?

Typically, patients with SLAP injuries that are less severe, involving either a partially torn labrum or frayed labrum, will find that physical therapy alone will improve their symptoms. However, if symptoms do not resolve after 6-12 weeks of physical therapy, surgery is necessary for a full recovery.

What part of the brain is damaged in ataxia?

Ataxia is usually caused by damage to a part of the brain known as the cerebellum, but it can also be caused by damage to the spinal cord or other nerves. The spinal cord is a long bundle of nerves that runs down the spine and connects the brain to all other parts of the body.

What is the most common cause of cerebellar ataxia?

Cerebellum and brainstem

Ataxia usually results from damage to the part of the brain that controls muscle coordination (cerebellum) or its connections. Many conditions can cause ataxia, including alcohol misuse, stroke, tumor, brain degeneration, multiple sclerosis, certain medications and genetic disorders.

Which part of the cerebellum is affected dysdiadochokinesia?

Dysdiadochokinesia describes an inability to perform rapidly alternating movements. Lesions affecting the midline cerebellum usually produce truncal ataxia, whereas lesions that affect the anterior lobe of the cerebellum usually result in gait ataxia.

What part of the brain controls hand coordination?

The cerebellum coordinates eye and hand tracking movements.

What result of the finger to nose test would indicate cerebellar dysfunction?

The expected finding is the patient will smoothly touch the nose with alternating left and right index fingers and return their arms to an extended position repeatedly. An abnormal result occurs when the patient is unable to alternate fingers or demonstrates the inability to touch the nose.

What is the most common disease affecting cerebellar function?

Ataxia is the archetypal sign of cerebellar dysfunction, but many other motor abnormalities may occur (see table Signs of Cerebellar Disorders Signs of Cerebellar Disorders ).

Can a SLAP tear heal with physical therapy?

Many people with SLAP tears get better with a period of rest and rehabilitation. A physical therapy program can strengthen the muscles surrounding the shoulder and improve control of the shoulder joint.

Can you see a SLAP tear on an MRI?

SLAP tear, which stands for Superior Labrum from Anterior to Posterior, is diagnosed with an MRI arthrogram.

What type of SLAP tear requires surgery?

SLAP tear surgery is recommended when: You still have SLAP tear symptoms despite non-surgical treatment. A specific injury caused your tear and it affects your shoulder stability. Your SLAP tear stems from overusing your shoulder.