What is the difference between mass surveillance and targeted surveillance?

It is not targeted on any particular individual but gathers images and information for possible future use. CCTV and databases are examples of mass surveillance. Targeted surveillance is surveillance directed at particular individuals and can involve the use of specific powers by authorised public agencies.


What is the meaning of mass surveillance?

Mass surveillance is indiscriminate surveillance. Mass surveillance uses systems or technologies that collect, analyse, and/or generate data on indefinite or large numbers of people instead of limiting surveillance to individuals about which there is reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing.

What is the purpose of targeted surveillance?

A facility that conducts targeted surveillance focuses surveillance activities on high risk, preventable, or high consequence infections significant to their resident population.


What are types of government surveillance?

What We're Focused On
  • Big Data. The ACLU works in courts, legislatures, and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties that the Constitution and the...
  • Biometrics. ...
  • Domestic Drones. ...
  • Face Recognition Technology. ...
  • Police Body Cameras. ...
  • RFID Chips. ...
  • Stingray Tracking Devices. ...
  • Video Surveillance.


Why is mass surveillance an issue?

This spying is especially harmful because it is often feeds into a national security apparatus that puts people on watchlists, subjects them to unwarranted scrutiny by law enforcement, and allows the government to upend lives on the basis of vague, secret claims.


A conversation with Edward Snowden about our legal case against mass surveillance



Does the US have mass surveillance?

The NSA has been gathering information on financial records, Internet surfing habits, and monitoring e-mails. It has also performed extensive surveillance on social networks such as Facebook.

Is mass surveillance ethical?

Surveillance is itself an ethically neutral concept. What determines the ethical nature of a particular instance of surveillance will be the considerations which follow, such as justified cause, the means employed, and questions of proportionality.

What are the 4 types of surveillance?

Types of Surveillance in Criminal Investigations
  • Electronic Monitoring. Electronic monitoring, or wiretapping, refers to the surveillance of email, fax, Internet and telephone communications. ...
  • Fixed Surveillance. ...
  • Stationary Technical Surveillance. ...
  • Three-Person Surveillance. ...
  • Undercover Operations.


What are the two main types of surveillance?

Covert vs Overt Surveillance

Covert surveillance refers to techniques used which are hidden or disguised so that the subject does not know they are being monitored or watched. Overt surveillance refers to the use of devices which are visible and recognisable such as a signposted CCTV system.

What are the three types of surveillance systems?

Common Forms of Surveillance
  • Interviews – For a missing person investigation, interviews are paramount to understanding the subject. ...
  • Physical observation – Physical observation is common for spousal investigations. ...
  • Electronic – Electronic monitoring is often the tool of choice among investigators.


What are the 5 steps of surveillance?

Steps in planning a surveillance system
  • Establish objectives.
  • Develop case definitions.
  • Determine data sources data-collection mechanism (type of system)
  • Determine data-collection instruments.
  • Field-test methods.
  • Develop and test analytic approach.
  • Develop dissemination mechanism.
  • Assure use of analysis and interpretation.


What are three purposes of surveillance?

Representation, to provide an accurate picture of the temporal trend of the disease; Sensitivity, to allow identification of individual persons with disease to facilitate treatment; quarantine, or other appropriate control measures; and. Specificity, to exclude persons not having disease.

What type of surveillance do you do in infection control program?

Active surveillance involves having trained indi- viduals such as infection control professionals actively looking for cases of HAI. This may involve regular (e.g., daily) visits to patient wards/care units to assess patients at risk of HAIs and/or review of their medical rec- ords.

What are the different types of surveillance methods?

Methods
  • Computer.
  • Telephones.
  • Cameras.
  • Social network analysis.
  • Biometric.
  • Aerial.
  • Corporate.
  • Data mining and profiling.


How is mass surveillance carried out?

Mass surveillance is the pervasive surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population. Mass surveillance in India includes Surveillance, Telephone tapping, Open-source intelligence, Lawful interception, and surveillance under Indian Telegraph Act, 1885.

What are the pros and cons of mass surveillance?

Let's look at the different pros and cons of public surveillance.
  • Pro: Increase Public Safety. ...
  • Pro: Reduce Crime Rate. ...
  • Pro: Helps Catch Criminals. ...
  • Pro: Provide Evidence & Gather Clues. ...
  • Pro: Convenience. ...
  • Con: Easily Abused. ...
  • Con: Doubts About Effectiveness. ...
  • Con: Expensive.


What are the two types of surveillance criminal investigation?

Physical surveillance is one of the oldest law enforcement investigative tools.


What is the most common type of surveillance in the private sector?

Video Surveillance – This is the most common type of surveillance system, which is used as a crime deterrent as well as for crime detection.

What are the three areas you need to consider before doing surveillance?

The following are the three most important categories to consider:
  • Total number of cases, incidence, and prevalence.
  • Indices of severity such as the mortality rate and the case-fatality ratio.
  • Preventability.


How do I know if I am being watched?

Spot Common Signs of Surveillance
  1. Electrical fixture wall plates are slightly out of place. ...
  2. Check your vinyl baseboard – where the floor and wall meet. ...
  3. Look for discoloration on ceilings and walls. ...
  4. A familiar item or sign in your home or office simply looks off. ...
  5. You notice white debris close to a wall.


What are surveillance tactics?

What Are Some Surveillance Techniques To Be Aware Of?
  • Hidden Cameras. Hidden cameras are commonly used to surveil others. ...
  • Computer Camera Hacking. Another common surveillance technique is computer camera hacking. ...
  • Keystroke Logging. ...
  • Car Trackers. ...
  • Audio Surveillance.


What are examples of passive surveillance?

Passive surveillance often gathers disease data from all potential reporting health care workers. Health authorities do not stimulate reporting by reminding health care workers to report disease nor providing feedback to individual health workers.

Is mass surveillance a violation of human rights?

MASS SURVEILLANCE:

If you are on the internet or use a mobile phone, odds are you are being followed by governments through wide sweeping mass surveillance programs. This isn't just part of life in the 21st century, it's illegal and a human rights violation.


Does mass surveillance reduce crime?

Studies do show that having a surveillance camera system results in a 50% reduction in crime or more. With the extra benefit of experience, you will have valid evidence of criminal activity if it takes place.

Which country has the most mass surveillance?

Surveillance in China

IHS Markit estimates that as of 2021, there are over 1 billion surveillance cameras installed worldwide. The firm also believes that 54% of these cameras are located in China.